Turabian Style

Turabian Style Modern day language has been revolutionized by the use of Turabian style. From its roots in the Chicago Manual of Style, this guide has become standard use for students and professors today. With a hard slant towards academia, the Turabian style has become one of the most widely used methods of documentation. Perhaps one of the most important features of the Turabian Style is the Turabian manual itself. With its simple, straightforward language and comprehensive research paper guide, the manual is a universal resource for the modern writer. In fact, the Turabian manual guides the student through the entire process of writing, from start to finish. Critically Acclaimed Style Turabian style has also garnered acclaim as one of the best methods of documentation. Every solid academic paper needs sources, and Turabian style has one of the best methods of citation. In fact, the Turabian style has two alternatives for implementing documentation, to better suit the needs of the writer. If you are interested in learning more about Turabian style, you would benefit from purchasing Turabian style software. These computer programs and templates take the guesswork out of conforming to the Turabian method. You can begin learning as you perfectly format your papers, to one of the most widely used styles in academia.

The Commonly Confused Words Flew, Flu, and Flue

The Commonly Confused Words Flew, Flu, and Flue The words flew, flu, and flue are homophones: they sound the same but their meanings are different. Definitions Flew is the simple past form of the verb fly, which means to move through the air, to travel by aircraft, or to move quickly or suddenly.The noun flu (a shortened form of influenza) refers to a contagious viral infection.The noun flue refers to a duct or channel in a chimney or in any enclosed passageway. Examples Wire, briar, limber, lockThree geese in a flock.One flew east, one flew west,One flew over the cuckoos nest.(Childrens nursery rhyme, the source of the title for Ken Keseys novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, 1962)The greatest aerialist of all time was a Mexican, Alfredo Cordona. In 1930, after years of practice, Cordona achieved what to the circus world had been an impossibilityno less than a triple somersault! It is estimated that to achieve that feat, he flew through the air at sixty miles per hour.(Richard Lederer,  The Word Circus: A Letter-Perfect Book. Merriam-Webster, 1998)Millions are at risk of going without the flu vaccine this year.Although the media called the 1918 pandemic the Spanish Flu- because about 80 percent of the Spanish population  caught the flu, and it was widely reported in the Spanish press- the actual source of the pandemic is unknown.(Joan R. Callahan,  Emerging Biological Threats. ABC-CLIO, 2010)  Customers have been told that expensive flue wo rk is required to bring their homes up to modern standards. The stove was plugged into the flue of the marble fireplace, and there were parquet floors and Axminster carpets and cranberry-colored tufted Victorian upholstery, and a kind of Chinese  Ãƒ ©tagà ¨re, inside a cabinet, lined with mirrors and containing silver pitchers, trophies won by Skoglund cows, fancy sugar tongs and cut-glass pitchers and goblets.(Saul Bellow, A Silver Dish. The New Yorker, 1979) Flew Out vs Flied Out [In the game of baseball,] when a batter has hit a fly ball which is then caught, the past tense of his action is flied out. The only time flew out would be correct is if the batter dropped his bat, flapped his arms, and soared out of the stadium, thereby earning himself the frothiest head in the Guinness Book of World Records.(William Safire, On Language. Avon Books, 1981) Practice (a) He was a big, raw man, with too much strength, whose delight in winter was to hunt the sea ducks that _____ in to feed by the outer ledges, bare at low tide.(Lawrence Sargent Hall, The Ledge. The Hudson Review, 1960)(b) If you have a working chimney, you should have the _____ checked regularly by a professional.(c) About every 30 years, there is a major change in the genetics of the _____ virus. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) He was a big, raw man, with too much strength, whose delight in winter was to hunt the sea ducks that flew in to feed by the outer ledges, bare at low tide.(Lawrence Sargent Hall, The Ledge. The Hudson Review, 1960)(b) If you have a working chimney, you should have the flue checked regularly by a professional.(c) About every 30 years, there is a major change in the genetics of the flu virus.

Multinational Enterprises and Global Capitalism Research Paper

Multinational Enterprises and Global Capitalism - Research Paper Example There are several reasons why a multinational may choose to undertake foreign direct investment. One of these reasons is that the company has been very successful in selling its product with success and efficiency, and has been successful on satisfying the demand for this product to a full extent in the area of its origin. After seeing its success in that area, perhaps the exhaustion of demand within the area, the company may be tempted to open up a second location in a different country. The main reason, in this case, would be that the company would be seeking to satisfy the demand of consumers elsewhere, at that point. It will see a profitable business investment to open up a new location near these new potential customers because it predicts a similar response from them as it got in the country it was originally operating in. This new group of customers would be an attractive basis for foreign direct investment for any company, and once it has evaluated the possible risks associat ed with the possible expansion, it will surely consider the expansion as feasible, profitable and the next logical step to their expansions and operations (Jones, pp. 74, 2005). A company will not expand to a county in which it does not perceive the demand for its product (Seymour, pp.104, 1987). For example, one can consider a company, which produces food products, which use ham as the main ingredient. This company may be extremely successful in a non-Muslim country like the United States. Here, consumers in all age groups, as well as several different socio-economic statuses, may love its product. This would logically mean that once the company finishes expanding within the areas of the US where it finds functioning feasible, it could expand to and invest in even the less developed countries because it knows by experience that its product is well accepted by people of lower-middle income statuses as well. This logic will not apply in those countries, however, which have a majority of Muslim population. This is because, even though the acceptance of the company’s product has proven to be high amongst previous consumers, these new Muslim consumers would not warm up to them because their ingredients include pork, which they do not eat. In this regard, even when a product has been popular in several countries, the company will have to make several other inquiries before it can assume whether it is a good idea to undertake foreign direct investment in a newer area. In other words, the product needs to be tested in any region to where the multinational corporation (MNC) wishes to expand because, without that, the FDI will have very slight chances of yielding a successful result. Another reason is the political stability that is present in that country. Political stability is an important factor to consider for any MNC when it chooses to undertake foreign direct investment (Yoshitomi, & Graham, pp. 30, 1996). This is because it has a large bearing on how smo othly the company is able to operate in that area with hindrances, strikes and other interruptions, which often result in large losses, which make a large profit out of their daily operations. The political stability of the country is an important factor because it affects the consumer market of the country.

Compare and Contrast Dr. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essay

Compare and Contrast Dr. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - Essay Example The Martin Luther king’s dream was wide; it included poverty and what he called â€Å"militarism†. Today, Luther King is known for his tremendous efforts against racial discrimination. As much as King fought against racial discrimination, it is vast and complex, and cannot be treated as a single subject. This is because it included the social, education, political and economic discrimination of Black people in America. In 1962, King, On behalf of the Black community, made an appeal to President Kennedy to complete his work of giving freedom to the Black community (Schlueter 60). However, because Martin Luther King came from a background of loving parents and later Christian leader, he preached peaceful demonstrations in all the campaigns he was involved in. America will remember Dr. Luther, for his peaceful movements such as Black Civil Rights Bill enforcement as well as Supreme Court Ruling against the laws of Jim Crow. His major strategy was peaceful protesting; mostl y inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. In this various speeches, Luther, created an image of an activist of peace across the United States (Schlueter 70 -77). Malcolm X was a frustrated person from his childhood age until his times of changing America’s ideology about African-Americans. Malcolm sought refuge in Islamic nations and used the same to protest in his campaign against racism. In his protest, he did not preach for peaceful demonstration, but, taught the Black people to use anything in their power to reject racism. Unlike Luther King, Malcolm X disliked white people because of their oppressiveness especially the poor Black poor people in the ‘ghetto’ (Ladenburg 31). However, Malcolm X, just like Luther King, wanted to end racism and the best for the Black community. Before Martin Luther began his journey to fleeing his fellow Black from racial segregation, ‘Negros’ had no rights to vote or register

Alternative Beverages Essay Example for Free

Alternative Beverages Essay Alternative beverages competed on the basis of differentiation from traditional drinks such as carbonated soft drinks or fruit juices. The market started out with low competition, however that is rapidly changing as many new product lines enter and profit margins will inevitably suffer from the price reduction. The rest of the beverage industry is faced with low profit margins because of high competition and little ability to differentiate products. The alternative beverage segment help companies to sustain volume growth in mature markets where consumers were reducing their consumption of carbonated soft drinks. Also the alternative beverage industry offered products that catered to different demographics. For example energy drinks were purchased more by teens and young adults while energy shots were bought by adults to get extra boosts of energy during the work day. In addition the vitamin-enhanced drinks and sports drinks went more toward athletes and people who exercised often. This differs from just the usual carbonated soft drinks that people were used to drinking. Now they had products that they could consume for different activities. Demand is expected to grow worldwide as consumer purchasing power is increased and alternative beverages offered profit margins much higher than those of other beverages. One key characteristic in the beverage market was introduction of the energy shots and they were an important growth factor in the industry; the 5 hour energy shot was introduced in 2004 and took the market by storm with its high containments of B6, B12 and caffeine. Competitor’s course introduced energy shots to the market but none have come close to the 5 hour energy shot, with it holding 85% of the market share in 2009.

An Analysis of Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essay -- Worn Path essays

A Worn Path – An Analysis       The short story "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty, is a descriptive story of a grandmother's difficult journey, for a grandson she loves. Her devotion to her grandson and wanting to provide him with a better lifestyle, was her motivation to overcome these trials. On this trip, Phoenix Jackson, the grandmother, struggles against old age, nature, and reality.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phoenix Jackson was certainly a dedicated old lady. She refused to give up, despite the odds against her, to help her grandson. Her grandson was very sick, and needed certain medication to live. After traveling miles through wilderness, barbed wire, thorn bushes, and being confronted by a white man with a gun, she still persisted on her path. She didn't care about the consequences to her self on her journey. Her only concern was that little boy, who was sick at home, waiting for her. In a time period when whites had the say over blacks, she took a great risk in disobeying the white hunter, he told her "Now you go on home, Granny"(215). To which she replied, "I bound to go to town mister"(215), and belligerently ignored him. She even risked her life in stealing 5 cents that the man had dropped, all for the sake of giving her grandson a gift.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On her weary voyage, Phoenix Jackson had to overcome the hardships that her old age brought. As she traveled miles as she was "moving a little from side to side" (212). Her speaking to the animals in saying, "Keep out from under these feet little bobwhite"(213), is possibly an example of her being senile. Another example of her seeming senile is when she sees a little boy bringing her marble cake; not realizing it's just an illusion. An example of her determination in overc... .... The moral may lie beneath the actual story, because the grandson's livelihood may not be the only one at stake through this journey. The woman, being old, may represent death. And the trip is her voyage to find life, or preserve what little life she has life. If she gives up, she loses that life, which is what the grandson is symbolic of. Her devotion to her grandson and her love for him, may be her motivation. But, her devotion to life is another. She accomplishes her goals by overcoming the struggles that old age and nature brought against her. By doing so, she's regained the life she loves, at least, until next year, when she travels that worn path again.    Works Cited Welty, Eudora. "A Worn path." Literature for Composition. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, Morton Berman, William Burto, William E. Cain, Marcia Stubbs. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 212-218 An Analysis of Eudora Welty's A Worn Path Essay -- Worn Path essays A Worn Path – An Analysis       The short story "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty, is a descriptive story of a grandmother's difficult journey, for a grandson she loves. Her devotion to her grandson and wanting to provide him with a better lifestyle, was her motivation to overcome these trials. On this trip, Phoenix Jackson, the grandmother, struggles against old age, nature, and reality.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phoenix Jackson was certainly a dedicated old lady. She refused to give up, despite the odds against her, to help her grandson. Her grandson was very sick, and needed certain medication to live. After traveling miles through wilderness, barbed wire, thorn bushes, and being confronted by a white man with a gun, she still persisted on her path. She didn't care about the consequences to her self on her journey. Her only concern was that little boy, who was sick at home, waiting for her. In a time period when whites had the say over blacks, she took a great risk in disobeying the white hunter, he told her "Now you go on home, Granny"(215). To which she replied, "I bound to go to town mister"(215), and belligerently ignored him. She even risked her life in stealing 5 cents that the man had dropped, all for the sake of giving her grandson a gift.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On her weary voyage, Phoenix Jackson had to overcome the hardships that her old age brought. As she traveled miles as she was "moving a little from side to side" (212). Her speaking to the animals in saying, "Keep out from under these feet little bobwhite"(213), is possibly an example of her being senile. Another example of her seeming senile is when she sees a little boy bringing her marble cake; not realizing it's just an illusion. An example of her determination in overc... .... The moral may lie beneath the actual story, because the grandson's livelihood may not be the only one at stake through this journey. The woman, being old, may represent death. And the trip is her voyage to find life, or preserve what little life she has life. If she gives up, she loses that life, which is what the grandson is symbolic of. Her devotion to her grandson and her love for him, may be her motivation. But, her devotion to life is another. She accomplishes her goals by overcoming the struggles that old age and nature brought against her. By doing so, she's regained the life she loves, at least, until next year, when she travels that worn path again.    Works Cited Welty, Eudora. "A Worn path." Literature for Composition. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, Morton Berman, William Burto, William E. Cain, Marcia Stubbs. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 212-218

Payless ShoeSource case study

1. Which of the different product mix pricing strategies applies best to Payless’s new strategy? To my view they are using mix of different strategies. Firstly, skimming pricing. This is about selling a product at a high price, sacrificing high sales to gain a high profit, therefore ‘skimming’ the market. I see that they have invested a lot of money to hire top notch designers, rebranding effort like remodeling stores etc. There needs to be some mechanism (read, strategy) to recover this cost. For some items they have even employed premium pricing. Interestingly, Payless came up with some really good product like Lela Rose, Abaete etc. On the other hand, they have products which are low as $12. As best strategy that they are employing; I would say that they are going for Product Line Pricing. They want their customers to get attracted by the big brands in their portfolio. In that way, other products will gain due importance too. So to customers, overall portfolio will look very attractive. 2. How do concepts such as psychological pricing and reference pricing apply to the Payless strategy? In what ways does Payless’s strategy deviate from these concepts? By definition, psychological pricing on the theory that certain prices has a psychological impact. The retail prices are often expressed as â€Å"odd prices†: a little less than a round number, e.g. $19.99 or  £2.98. There is no explicit reference given in the case where we see that they are using this strategy. As a matter of fact, we see that though Payless is increasing the price of their products. So, sudden upward movement of price may come as a shock to customers. This strategy of Psychological pricing can be employed in this scenario. Payless actually did not pay a heed to that and did not come up with any proper plan towards psychological pricing. As for Reference pricing, it is a strategy in which a product is sold at a price just below its main competing brand. Now, in the case of Payless, they did not stress on setting the price at competitor price level. Instead they just increased the price to a bare optimum level so that customers can afford luxury and trendy items at much lower price. This price is well below the market price. 3. Discuss the benefits and risks of the new Payless strategy for both Payless and the designers. Which of these two stands to lose the most? There are benefits as well as risks involved in the new strategy of Payless. Benefit is customers can afford the luxurious and trendy items at much lower costs. They will be able to buy the designer product and a range of shoes and other related products at ease. In the process Payless will get a large volume of customers. Risk is historically designer luxury items and low cost does not gel together. Low cost has two connotations. One, the product is cheap. Second, the product is of inferior quality. Now consumers may be totally confused as to what will be the product quality when they see the cost price is so low than others in the market. If this is the case, sale will dip instead of increase. 4. Consider the scale on which Payless operates. How much of a price increase does Payless need to achieve in order to make this venture worthwhile? Payless undoubtedly operates at a mass volume of customers. The CEO, Rubel said, in many cases the price increases may be as little as 50 cents per pair of shoes. Payless has a large base of value conscious customers. In that segment a small price increase can sustain profitability. Basically that segment needs to be sustained so that they do not go for other company’s products. That is the key for assured return in terms of margin. They are banking on the fact that â€Å"making everyone happy will ring up the sales and profits it needs†. I think, some of the products which are really of very good quality and come from top designer houses can be priced at a bit lower than the markets. It is necessary to recover the huge volume of money spent on remodeling of the business and distribution system.

A Critique of Jean Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring Essay

Different views of nursing gave rise to the formulation of various nursing theories that contribute greatly to the advancement and evolution of the nursing profession as a whole. Some focus on the curative nature of nursing, while others revolve around the social and ethical aspect of the profession that complements conventional medicine. Among the latter is Dr. Jean Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring, which this paper attempts to analyze and evaluate using J. Fawcett’s Framework of Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing. Dr. Watson’s personal views of nursing brought about the conception of the theory in 1979, at the time when she was a professor of nursing at the University of Colorado. Her background in educational-clinical and social psychology influenced these views, along with her involvement in a nursing curriculum that sought to establish a standard to nursing that transcends settings, populations, specialty, subspecialty areas and so forth. It was an attempt to bring meaning and focus to nursing as an emerging discipline and distinct health profession with its own unique values, knowledge and practices, with its own ethic and mission to society (Watson, 2006). Originally, Watson’s theory revolved around three major elements, namely the carative factors, the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring moment. She stated ten carative factors that served as guidelines for the nursing practice and basically centered on the principles of caring. The transpersonal caring relationship describes how the nurse goes beyond an objective assessment, showing concerns toward the person’s subjective and deeper meaning regarding their own health care situation, while the caring moment is defined as the moment (focal point in space and time) when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created (Cara, 2003). In this context, the four essential concepts of nursing – person, environment, health, and nursing – are encompassed in the theory. Being holistic in nature, the theory presents its framework as a congregation of all these concepts, centering on the person. Watson regards a person as an individual with unique qualities and unique needs. The person is recognized as a being capable of communicating with another beyond physical interaction. The person is viewed as whole and complete, regardless of illness of disease (Watson, 2006). The environment is regarded as a healing space, where the person’s awareness and consciousness can expand and promote mindbodyspirit wholeness and healing (Watson, 1999). Inevitably, the state of a patient’s environment can influence an individual’s state of health. The physical environment can affect how the person can connect and exist in the spiritual environment created by transpersonal caring relationships, and could affect the effectiveness of the science of caring. Health is referred to as the unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul. It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and functioning (Hagopian, 2007). The theory establishes that caring can promote a person’s health better than the curative means of conventional medicine. Through caring, the care giver recognizes the condition of the recipient at a deeper level, enabling him/her to sympathize as needed, and provide the appropriate care needed by the patient. With this means of understanding the patient better, there is greater chance of addressing the patient’s needs, creating the needed balance in his/her physical, mental, and social well-being. Watson defines nursing â€Å"as a human science of persons and human health – illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions† (Watson, 1988). The theory also emphasizes caring as central to nursing, and is essentially what the theory wishes to achieve. Nursing is not just about curing an illness or disease – it is beyond that. It is about the nurse being able to center consciousness on the entire being of the other in order to detect his/her inner condition, and impart genuine concern through caring moments communicated through â€Å"movements, gestures, facial expressions, procedures, information, touch, sound, verbal expressions and other scientific, technical, aesthetic, and human means of communication.† The role of consciousness is deemed greatly important, because then the nurse exhibits commitment and sincere intention to connect with the patient at a deeper level, thus becoming an effective aid in nursing the patient back to health, physically, emotionally, and spiritually (Watson, 2006). As can be derived from what has been discussed, the theory is concerned with establishing nursing as a profession distinct from the curative nature of conventional medicine, to which it has been originally strongly associated with – the original role of the nurse being to primarily care for the patient as dictated and required by disease or illness. The theory places emphasis on the transcendent and healing quality of a caring relationship shared by nurse and patient. It describes how transpersonal caring goes beyond physical reality and ventures into the spiritual, opening greater possibilities of healing and well-being, as opposed to disease-based medication and regard to patient. Watson’s theory has guided nursing practices in different areas, including rehabilitation centers, hospices, hospitals, and long-term care facilities. Watson’s model proved to be socially significant, as well. It has served as a conceptual framework for guiding community health nursing practice, and has been described as â€Å"philosophically congruent with contemporary global approaches to community health and health promotion† (Rafael, 2000). However, this model can both lead to nursing activities that meet social expectations, and create expectations that require societal change. In this time when people think twice before trusting, nursing professionals may have to exert more conscious effort in making the connection and creating transpersonal caring relationships because beyond the hesitation, society expects the nursing community to be sympathetic, concerned, and genuinely caring of their patient. On the other hand, as transpersonal caring becomes increasingly successful in the improvement of the patient’s well-being, higher expectations of nurses are created. This may lead to society being increasingly dependent on nurses, and less on medical technology. The effectiveness of Watson’s theory has been validated with its use as a guide in several studies centering on caring science. It has been â€Å"recommended as a guide to nursing patients with hypertension, as one means of decreasing blood pressure and increase in quality of life,† in a study made on its effectiveness on the quality of life and blood pressure of patients with hypertension in Turkey (Erci, Sayan, Tortumluoglu, Kilic, Sahin, & Gungormus, 2003). In another study on caring for old adults, it was established that the theory was effective in improving the quality of life and peace of mind, body, and soul of the older people, just by caring and listening attentively to what they have to say (Bernick, 2004). Through the years since the conception of the theory, Watson’s work continues to evolve. In recent updates, she had offered the concept of clinical caritas processes over the original carative factors. It basically injects more spirituality and love into the framework. Such a perspective ironically places nursing within its most mature framework, consistent with the Nightingale model of nursing, yet to be actualized, but awaiting its evolution within a caring-healing theory. This direction, ironically while embedded in theory, goes beyond theory and becomes a converging paradigm for nursing’s future (Watson, 2006). References Bernick, L. (2004). Caring for older adults: practice guided by Watson’s caring-healing model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2):128-34. Cara, C. (2003). A pragmatic view of Jean Watson’s caring theory. International Journal of Human Caring, 7(3), 51-61. Erci, B., Sayan, A.,Tortumluoglu, G., Kilic, D., Sahin, O., & Gungormus Z. (2003). The effectiveness of Watson’s Caring Model on the quality of life and blood pressure of patients with hypertension. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(2), 130–139. Hagopian, G. (2007). Nursing theorists. Retrieved February 8, 2007 from www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/arohap/aphome/NURS3006/Resources/theorists.ppt Rafael, AR. (2000). Watson’s philosophy, science, and theory of human caring as a conceptual framework for guiding community health nursing practice. ANS. Advances in Nursing Science, 23(2):34-49. Watson, J. (1988). Nursing: Human science and human care. A theory of nursing (2nd printing). New York: National League for Nursing. Watson, J. (1999). Postmodern nursing and beyond. Toronto, Canada: Churchill Livingstone. Watson, J. (2006). Dr. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Retrieved February 8, 2007 from http://www2.uchsc.edu/son/caring/content/evolution.asp

Strategies for Urban Studies Essay Writing

Strategies for Urban Studies Essay Writing When students hear the words urban studies, they think about issues affecting urban centers and their development. Admittedly, the development of urban centers and issues affecting urban settlements is part of the elements that characterize urban studies. The discipline concerns exploration of why people move or live in cities, the physical environmental features that influence their behavior, the history of suburb development from an architectural point of view, intractable issues that result from urban development, and possible solutions to the problems. Urban studies is an important area of study, but one that would not pickle the curiosity of every student. Consequently, lecturers assign students urban studies essays as they seek to not only assess their knowledge of the subject before and after exposure to content but also trigger their curiosity on the subject. Moreover, the essay writing assignments help in improving your writing skills and analytical abilities. When professors ask you to write an urban studies essay, they are simply asking you to ponder on: your understanding of the urban studies field of study; your ability to select and explore appropriate urban studies topics; your ability to relate theoretical concepts to issues in urban development; your ability to explore concepts in urban studies and draw conclusions. When writing your urban studies essay, keep in mind the above elements to guide you in writing essays that meet your instructor’s expectations and help you to gain effective writing skills. This urban studies essay writing guide provides tips that will help you in your writing process, from preparation to the writing aspects, to the post writing part of essay crafting. Pre-Writing Tips: Let’s Get It Started! Writing an essay is a process. Thus, it is time to alter your expectations if you think you can come up with a well-written essay after spending one or two hours on your computer. Writing high-quality essays in urban studies involves several steps. Prewriting tips denote the things you should engage in before writing down the first draft of your essay. The pre-writing steps that will be helpful in the writing process are as listed below. Topic selection. Selecting a topic for your essay is the most important aspect of prewriting. Conduct preliminary research before settling for an essay topic and select topics you are familiar with and interested in. Brainstorming. This involves recollecting your memory on issues associated with urban development and other areas of urban studies and associating thoughts, ideas, and knowledge on the subject with the essay task. At this point, you do not sort the ideas. Rather, write down any ideas that come up to help you in structuring concepts and making inquiries regarding issues pertaining to topics in urban studies. Researching. Conducting research comes after brainstorming, and it involves investigating information relating to ideas you came up with during the brainstorming phase, as well as summarizing, and interpreting the searched information. The research should be purposeful and should focus on the theme of your chosen field of study. Note taking. Focus your efforts and research approach on the essay’s subject matter and take sufficient notes when reading through the researched articles. Taking notes lays down the important elements of your topics and saves you considerable time when writing the essay. Making an outline. Now that you have a general idea of what to write about, the topic of your essay, and the materials you need to incorporate in your essay, you should make an outline of what content should be added in the introduction, the body part of the essay, and the conclusion. Importantly, create an outline that helps develop various themes of the essay. Outlining helps you in thought and idea organization in a logical manner. Outlining ideas forms the structured part of the prewriting process. Working On Your Urban Studies Essay Topic: Tips from Our Top Freelance Academic Writers Chances are the topic for your urban studies essay has been selected and handed to you by your professor. In such a case, part of the essay writing process has been eliminated for you, which indicates that you can jump to the next steps. However, you need to analyze the general outline of the given topic to understand whether the topic requires you to analyze, apply, or evaluate a certain aspect of urban planning and urban studies. If you feel the topic is too narrow or too broad, discuss it with your supervisor to come up with a manageable topic. On numerous occasions, professors provide you with an opportunity to select a topic within the urban studies scope of study for your essay. Although the idea of beginning the writing process with topic selection may appear intimidating, it provides you with the required flexibility to select an urban studies topic that interests and challenges you. Follow the step below to understand the process of topic selection. Define your essay’s purpose. Before settling on a topic, think about the objective of your essay. Does your essay aim at analyzing, informing, persuading, evaluating, or applying concepts into daily practice? In this case, ask yourself if your purpose is to persuade people to adopt certain practices to mitigate risks associated with urban development, or explain to the reader the history of city development from an architectural perspective, or to educate them on the interactions they have with their physical environment. Brainstorm on topics of interest. Write down some topics in the urban studies field of study that interest you after defining the purpose of your essay. In case you face problems coming up with suitable topics, think about your surroundings and things that interest you and are in line with subjects in urban studies. Do not evaluate the topics you come up with yet. Evaluate each potential topic. Evaluation of the topics you come up with occurs at this stage. Consider each topic individually and evaluate which of them fits your purpose, the scope, availability of sources, and your interest in the topic and ability to tackle it. Base the topic selection on the number of ideas you have and availability of literature. The examples below provide you with an overview of urban studies essay topics: Affordable Housing for Low-Income Families; Sustainable Development Practices Suitable in Reducing Urbanization Problems; History of Sustainable Urban Development in Canada; Economic Forces that Influence the Development of Cities; Methods Used in Measuring Characteristics of Urban Centers. The Main Terms that Define Urban Studies Essays Urban studies essays can be written for analysis, application, or evaluation of urban practices and architectural elements that characterize the growth of urban centers. Analysis. In urban studies, the term denotes the actual definition that entails breaking down a concept into smaller parts to see how it works. During essays analysis, you need to think about each part of the topic and how it contributes to the success of the whole concept. In analyzing urban planning, for instance, analysis involves thinking about all factors that constitute the development of urban centers, from the engineering part to social aspects, political elements, and architectural dynamics. In such case, ensure the essay provides statements that can be explained step-by-step. An analysis of urban studies essay should answer the why and how questions rather than what, which is common in the summary-based essays. Application. Whether the essay is purely based on application or analysis, the instructor will always look for your ability to apply concepts of your field of study into your essay. In this regard, you need to take your urban studies knowledge and apply it in practice, which is within the topic that you are going to explore in your writing. Therefore, you need to understand terms, concepts, and their definitions, and theories and how they can be used in practice. Evaluation. Evaluation type of essays requires you to participate in the writing and research process completely. Ensure you provide the wider context of the chosen urban studies topic and assess the ability of specific elements that define the topic to apply in different situations. Include arguments and counter-arguments and state facts and evidence that influenced your categorization of concepts as either positive or negative for the essay. Persuasion. Some essay topics will require you to persuade the general population, engineers, or architects to adopt sustainable practices for urban development. To write such as paper, you need to structure the essay in such a way that you use and provide evidence and arguments that convince the reader to agree with your point of view on urban sustainability. For a persuasive essay, ask yourself the following questions: Do I have the right type of information needed to convince the readers about sustainable urban practices? What type of statistics, evidence, and facts do I need to present to my audience? Responses to the noted questions will help in determining the keywords you need to use in the essay and during the search process. Appropriate Structure for an Urban Studies Essay A proper outline of the urban studies essay should have at least three main parts: an introduction, main body, and a conclusion. The outline should appear as indicated below: Introduction. The introduction should take about 10% of the essay, and it should explain how you interpret the essay title, issues that the essay will explore, the main focus of the essay, and an outline of other parts of the essay. The thesis statement and the purpose statement should also be written towards the last sentences of the introduction. Essay body. The main body of the essay should take up 80% of the essay. It is the main part of the essay, and it contains numerous paragraphs depending on the number of ideas you intend to explore concerning the essay themes. Each paragraph should develop and explore your major arguments. Moreover, present evidence that supports the claims you make in each paragraph. The number of paragraphs you write depends on the length of the essay and the number of major claims you intend to discuss. Ask yourself the following questions when writing each paragraph: What does the paragraph discuss? What argument am I presenting in this paragraph? What evidence do I have to support the claims I make and what is its implication? How does the paragraph link to the essay topic and title? Conclusion. Similar to the introduction, the concluding part of the essay should constitute approximately 10% of the essay. At this point, do not introduce any new idea or theme because the section is meant to summarize your major arguments. You should: restate your thesis statement, summarize the essay, describe why your essay is significant, make recommendations were necessary. In some cases, the recommendation is written as a stand-alone text after the conclusion. The conclusion and recommendation should link to the essays title. While some students prefer writing the sections as they appear in the final draft, some prefer writing the body, followed by the introduction and finally the conclusion segment. Post Writing Tips to Ensure You Actually Did It! Proofreading and referencing constitute the most important elements that ensure your essay is appropriate and capable of helping you attain a high grade. Proofreading. Proofreading involves going through the essay several times to eliminate grammar mistake and other errors. Follow the steps below on how to proofread your essay: Take a break. Do not engage in proofreading immediately after writing the essay. Taking a one-hour or two-hour break will make mistakes more apparent, and proofreading will be easier. Minimize distractions. Once you are back from the break, mute your phone and ensure you are in a quiet environment to provide the proofreading session undivided attention. However, some people work best in noisy environments. Read Aloud. Reading aloud allows you to vocalize the written words. The process will provide you with an opportunity to hear and see any sentence structure, grammar, and content coherence flaws. In this case, missing commas and full stops are readily visible when reading through the essay. Referencing. Ensure you acknowledge every borrowed idea using the appropriate referencing methods.

3 Disagreements About How to Use Either and Neither

3 Disagreements About How to Use Either and Neither 3 Disagreements About How to Use â€Å"Either† and â€Å"Neither† 3 Disagreements About How to Use â€Å"Either† and â€Å"Neither† By Mark Nichol Use of either and neither, and their associated words or and nor, is complicated by disagreements about proper usage. Here’s a discussion of the words and the opinions about their appropriate use. An â€Å"either . . . or† or â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction can include more than two elements, but some grammar guides advise writers to restrict the usage to reference to two choices: â€Å"I’m going to wear either blue or green† but not â€Å"I’m going to wear either blue, green, or red.† If you agree with that restriction (I don’t), delete either from the latter sentence and it’s optional in the first one, for that matter. Omitting neither is not an option in the sentence â€Å"I’m going to wear neither blue nor green,† but the idea can also be rendered â€Å"I’m not going to wear blue or green.† The proscription against using or, rather than nor, with neither (â€Å"I was neither here or there† instead of â€Å"I was neither here nor there†) is likewise not absolute, but nor is most common, and in this case I support the restriction. The third divergence is about agreement with a verb. The more restrictive rule is that when either or neither is the subject, or part of the subject, of a sentence or a clause, it should be accompanied by a singular verb: â€Å"I don’t think either of the candidates is qualified.† When two nouns or pronouns are framed by either and or, use a singular verb if the noun or pronoun closest to the verb is singular (â€Å"Either the boys or the girl is responsible†) and a plural verb if the closest noun or pronoun is plural (â€Å"Either the girl or the boys are responsible†) or both nouns or pronouns are plural (â€Å"Either the girls or the boys are responsible†). However, it is common to see a plural verb with either or neither in reference to a sole plural noun or pronoun, as in â€Å"Neither of the parties are willing to compromise.† The more conservative choice is to write â€Å"Neither of the parties is willing to compromise,† and I adhere to that option. Here are several other considerations: When constructing an â€Å"either . . . or† or a â€Å"neither . . . nor† statement, take care to place verbs appropriately. If one verb applies to both choices, place it before the â€Å"either . . . or† phrase: â€Å"She was going to leave either tomorrow or Saturday.† If a separate verb applies to each choice, either should precede the first verb, and or should come before the second one: â€Å"She was going to either leave tomorrow or wait until Saturday.† Also, avoid using a â€Å"not . . . either† phrase, as in â€Å"They will not vote on either the amended proposal or the original one†; revise to a â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction: â€Å"They will vote on neither the amended proposal nor the original one.† Finally, a statement that two things are not true can also be rendered with a â€Å"never . . . nor† construction: â€Å"Their facility had never completed an evaluation nor ever met anyone representing the contracting agency.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects26 Feel-Good WordsSentence Adverbs

Is Iran a threat to the U.S Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Iran a threat to the U.S - Research Paper Example Iran’s military also plans for a three-stage missile capable to hit targets some 3700 km away4. Despite Iran’s repeated assurances that its nuclear program is for purely peaceful purposes, the West and Israel believe that the Islamic Republic is striving to obtain a nuclear weapon, which is more or less substantiated by the latest IAEA’s report on the issue5. Alternatively, Iran doesn’t pose any serious threat to the United States because of the reasons below: Iran’s economy is suffering heavy blows with the country’s oil revenues being dramatically slashed and other trade disrupted due to the international sanctions6. This would eventually hamper both the country’s geopolitical ambitions and military programs; The expansion of the Iranian ballistic missile arsenal, along with both space and nuclear programs, will drain the country’s resources sooner or later; The military capabilities of United States overwhelmingly exceed even the most unbridled wishes of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards; Iran has recently declared that welcomes a US offer of bilateral nuclear talks. With all the ambiguity of the possible outcome, such talks have the potential for a certain reconciliation7; The so-called Arab spring, or its after effects, whatever the case might be, would eventually reach the Islamic Republic. Weighing the Pros and Cons The US-Iran relations have gone from bad to worse ever since the Shah’s fall from power in 19798. The hostage crisis, which lasted for 444 days, along with the American support for Saddam Hussein and the number of armed incidents involving US and Iranian air and naval units during the Iran-Iraq war, brought about a deep crisis in the bilateral relations9. The first Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, had demonized the US as the â€Å"Great Satan† in 1979, which image was projected across the Middle East and beyond, as well as deeply embedded in anti-American rhetoric10. Not surprisingly therefore, Hezbollah’s leader Nasrallah stated in 2002 - one year after 9/11 – that â€Å"our hostility to the Great Satan is absolute†11. Accordingly, Iran was placed on the list of rogue states, alongside Cuba, Burma, North Korea, etc., and was designated by the President George W. Bush as one of the countries that constitute the â€Å"Axis of Evil†12. The current Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Khamenei, is renowned for his animosity to the US13, and if his power and the survival of the Islamic theocracy are in danger, he would not hesitate to order strikes against US targets within the operational range of the Iranian ballistic missiles, including military and civilian installations, as well as against key American allies, most notably Israel. The anti-Semitic and anti-American rhetoric of the incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad also implies such a possibility, although the real clout in Iran belongs to Ayatollah Khamenei and the circle around him. What makes the situation particularly precarious, however, is the fact that

Sampling on HCC gollf clubs (market research) Essay

Sampling on HCC gollf clubs (market research) - Essay Example If one person is interested, she or he may be able to provide names of other potential participants. This type of recruiting is known as the snowball technique (Lindlof, 1995 as cited by Barnett). Other considerations include demographics. A further question is whether to target a heterogeneous (everybody is different) or homogeneous (everybody is as similar as possible) sample. Most researchers prefer a homogeneous group with the common threads being the issues for discussion (Vaughn, Schumm, & Sinagub, 1996 as cited by Barnett). In this approach it is believed that having too many different voices could detract from the overall purpose. Those advocating heterogeneous groups argue that focus groups should capture a range of opinions, and that participants should feel able to present their perspective free from the fear of appearing different. In a heterogeneous group everybody is, by definition, different. It is important to consider whether focus group members will know each other or whether they will be complete strangers. The degree of familiarity unquestionably impacts group discussions. For the purpose of this research we will consider membership lists and will also contact the Government bodies to get information lists about the people of the area to get idea of people preferences. Since the membership in HCC golf club is very low already, membership lists can support the research purpose but we cannot rely on it. The heterogeneous samples should be selected in order to gain the knowledge about the different preferences of the customers so that the areas should be effectively addressed. It is preferred that group members should not be familiar with one another in order to try to prevent acquaintances from influencing comments. We will select adults aging between 18-49, with different income levels, backgrounds and status in order to get a broader perspective regarding the tastes of the target