Motivation to Help Essay Example for Free

want to Help EssayThis paper discusses the social psychological perspective on aid. It tackles the factors that lead masses to help other mountain and the theoretical basis on such actions. It to a fault includes a reflection on the altruistic property in helping. Motivation to Help The murder of Kitty Genoese in 1964 as one of the most disturbing cases where almost 40 people were witnesses but none of them called the guard in time to rescue her. This baffled social psychologists as to how this was possible. The result of their investigation was the formation of the concept of the Genovese Syndrome.This condition is theorized to exist on certain(a) emergency situations where people encounter a diffusion of responsibility. This was because of the notion that there will be someone who will carry out the responsibility (Alex, 2008). On a personal account, an example of this behavior was observed in the sidewalk near a well-known shopping center. A lady, approximately aged 50 years was walking on the nearly crowded pavement when dickens men riding a motorcycle snatched her bag. It was not easily taken from her since she essay to defend herself and her belongings.The struggle made the two men shoot the lady until she was down on the sidewalk. The initial reaction of the people there was to run forth from the scene. When the two men quickly left, the people slowly went towards the lady. Nobody helped until the lady screamed in pain. There are a number of factors that give up resulted to the lack of reactivity of the people on the victim. One of which is the bystander effect. Since there are more people in the area, the responsibility of helping the victim is divided among them.Each of these people had two choices of whether they should act or wait for someone to do it. Thus, the more people there are in the area means that people feel little obligated (The Bystander Effect, n. d. ). Also, the scream of the lady may have somehow alarmed the people ar ound her, which may have motivated the some people to finally help her. Basically, there are five steps to helping or prosocial behavior. First of all, in order to help, there must be a realization that something is happening. It must also be interpreted as an emergency.The person who is to help must also feel the responsibility towards the situation. He must also know how he is going to help. Finally, the costs of helping are also assessed (Stocker, n. d. ). In this particular scenario, the five steps were evident. Although the initial reaction was to run because of the particle accelerator shot, people did realize that it was an emergency situation. However, because there were a lot of people, they did not have much responsibility for the situation because of the assumption that someone will act.When the lady screamed and the two men left, it was the time when someone helped, knowing that the costs are already low and it was no longer dangerous. There are many theories which apo logise why people are motivated to help. However, the most widely accepted theory on the subject is the theory of Victor Vroom, known as the forethought theory. This simply states that people are motivated to help because they are expecting something in return such as a reward, or a good cognitive operation appraisal (Shah, n. d. ). Based on this theory, the act of helping may not be truly altruistic because of the tendency to expect for something in return.If the one helping does not want anything as a reward, it may be because of other outside factors such as his social image, religion, or the dictate of the society. Nevertheless, additional helped could have been offered in the situation, knowing the there were a lot of people in the situation. If all of them felt responsible for the incident, it is most likely that the crime would have been prevented. References Alex. (2008, February 13). The Genovese Syndrome When Nobody Helps. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Neatorama http//ww w. neatorama. com/2008/02/13/the-genovese-syndrome-when-nobody-helps/Shah, K. , Shah, P. (n. d. ). Theories of Motivation. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Laynetworks http//www. laynetworks. com/Theories-of-Motivation. html Stocker, S. (n. d. ). Social Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from http//webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cacheP4aNe4_DzhsJwww. spsp. org/student/intro/ppt/myers15. ppt+five+steps+to+prosocial+behaviorcd=4hl=enct=clnkgl=ph The Bystander Effect. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Changing Minds http//changingminds. org/explanations/theories/bystander_effect. htm

Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Decision Making Essay1.What inconveniences would you take into account?The stakeholders welfare, responsibility towards the nine (in this case it can be identified as United States or as broad as the global inhabitants) which includes environmental issues, and also the ethics. For sure superstar more important issue is profitability or survivability of the firm. All of the issues mentioned earlier may be thought of as means for ensuring the long-run success of the company.2.What major sources of uncertainty do you face?The major sources of uncertainty include research and development, and market analysis. Will the substitute product work and would it be working the alike? Is the ozone problem really directly related to Chlorofluorocarbons, or a normal cycle has actually caused these observed recent changes? Finally, could Du Ponts efforts really have an effect, and how a good deal? Is this effect going to bring any profit for the company? and as a market analysis viewpoint , will the market and society accept them?3.What corporal objectives would be important for you to consider? Do you think that DuPonts objectives and the way the company views the problem might have evolved since the mid-70s when CFCs were just beginning to become an issue?DuPonts views of the situation Of course have changed over time. Early on, the chlorofluorocarbon issue was basically ignored. DuPont was the largest CFC producer in the world with a 25% market share in the 1980s.This product was a less hazardous alternative to the sulfur dioxide and ammonia and was widely used as refrigerants in refrigeration, ACs, and medical inhalers for asthma patients. In March 15, 1988 NASA announced that CFCs were not only creating a hole in the ozone seam above Antarctica, but also thinning the layer elsewhere in the world. After NASA announcement, DuPont announced that it would begin to phase out the CFCs. It invested more than $500 million in this case and commercialized a family of re frigerants with cypher or lower ozone depletion effects in January 1991 for the first time.

Medusas Creation In Clash Of The Titans Film Studies Essay

medusoids Creation In concussion Of The Titans Film Studies EssayAn examination of analogue and digital tools utilized in the first appearance and animation of Gorgon medusoid in brush of the Titans (1981) and in Clash of the Titans (2010).This essay aim to discuss, compare and bring forth an understanding of the tools and proficiencys implemented in the institution of the medusa Creature in Clash of the Titans (1981) utilise the technique of stop-motion animation and miniatures and in the use of digital computer generated sticker and motion-capture in Clash of the Titans (2010).Clash of the Titans (1981) is a Greek Epic which was directed by Desmond Davis and Produced by calamus Harryhausen and Charles H. Schneer. Ray Harryhausen, the most successful, innovative and leading animator and Visual Effects artist. He is the landmark for the stop-motion animation. A man who has providential us all, one frame at a time. (THE SECRET LAB DISNEY FEATURE ANIMATION AND WALT DISNEY COM PANY). He was inspired by King Kong (1933) which was animated by Wills OBrien, first Stop-Motion Animator, and it changed his life.Ray Harryhausen and Charles H. Schneer are broad-time colleagues. Their first combination movie was It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955). Both decided to conjure Clash of the Titans (1981), a low budget product with a predictable and dependable margin of profit but it happened to develop into a big-budget production (Cinefex, 1981). Because of big-budget Ray produced extra dose of stop-motion set up. Movie took nearly three years of development and preproduction and its budget was $16 million and become the 11th highest grossing film of 1981 (CG World, 2010). He did vision of work for creating city of Argos miniature, wights of winged horse Pegasus, Calibos, ophidian- commodeed Medusa, Dioskilos, Scorpions and the Kraken. This was Rays last film he took retire after the Clash of the Titans.Its been 29 years since Ray Harryhausen and Desmond Davis re leased the original Clash of the Titans (1981). Now the Greek Gods are back again for another scrap in Warner Bros. Pictures remake of the original Clash of the Titans, directed by Louis Leterrier. Louis Leterrier was a buff of the original Clash of the Titans and he wanted to make sure this new Clash of the Titans. Nick Davis, the visual effects supervisor separate the visual effects work into three main parts because of 900 visual effects shaft of lights and short put forwardproduction. Postproduction completed in 25 weeks by artists at The Moving Picture lodge, Framestore and Cinesite (Cinefex, 2010).A colossus of stop motion goes calculate to address with the new giants of CG, as Jim Thacker discovers how three VFX houses re-imagined Ray Harryhausens final exam creature feature for the digital era (3D World, 2010).We divided it into three main parts, playing to the strengths of the different houses, and locking together those periods that, logically, would stay together . Whoever did the Kraken, for example, would break to do the city of Argos. So that block of work stayed together and went to MPC. The Scorpioch battle was very much a stand-alone sequence, and we felt it lent itself quite well to the skill sets of Cinesite. That left everything else nether region, Medusa, Calibos, and all of the other environments to Framestore. By Nick Davis (Cinefex 2010) collide OF THE TITANS (1981)GORGON MEDUSA, terryfying female creature in Greek Mythology, She is one of the three Gorgon sisters. Medusa had once looking good, but after a assault in genus Athene Temple the goddess, Aphrodite, turned her into a weird creature having serpents on the detail instead of hair and her lower be look like snake, upper automobile trunk is albeit green and covered in reptilian scales and her curse of turning human life that looked at her into stone. Ray Harryhausen developed Medusa into a dynamation( it is the name of the technique employ by Ray Harryhausen used t o combine stop-motion footage with live action by means of split screen and rear projection) character. He researched about the Medusa creature how the art and literature painted and he discovered two paintings by Caravaggios Medusa and Leonardo da Vincis Testa di Medusa (An Animated Life, varlet 272).By watching the portrait of Caravaggios Medusa Ray realised that this look attractive rather than Gorgon. He saw an attractive statue of Perseus holding frightening Medusas head by Cellini in Florence and decided to design Cellinis Medusa in his film. The torso of her should give the ugliness to her brass instrument so he decided to give her a non human body. later on a long debate Ray opted to twelve snakes on the head, instead of arise from the skull he laid them on head to engineer more space and for the lower body added a rattlesnake tail for the interesting opening sequence. When he was setting up for animation he had no idea about how the Medusa is going to move because of h er lower snake body and the heavy weight of her top. He took a reference material body from the 1932 tod Browning Film Freaks, in this film a handicapped man move forward by the support of hand (An Animated Life, page 272).The model of Medusa is 14 inches high and 24 inches long from the tip to the head of the Medusa. The Medusa contains 150 armature joints (the kinematic chains used in computer animation to affect the motions of virtual characters). Initially Ray planned to build two Medusa characters one with full body and another with only head for the close up shots. But for the close up shots with big head had to use bag filters to look good so he decided to manage with the single Medusa it is enough to shoot her face, tail and lower body individually.The animation of Medusa took days for the simple social movement like moving her hand to reach the bowstring and some more days to pick the arrow and few more days to release the arrow. And also animating the general movemen t of the mouth, eyes and fingers and the realistic movement of her tail took more time to complete the perfect animation. Including this he had to animate the twelve individual snakes at every point on the head and the head and tail of the twelve snakes are separate and he had to move them separately, so totally twenty four movements plus one more around her wrist (An Animated Life, page 274-275). In the film the Medusa sequence is six minute and it contains fifty-three stop-motion cuts (The Stop-Motion Filmography, Page 139).The most successful achievement of the medusa sequence is it doesnt appear like composite photography. The whole shots of medusa were shoot on a full size set of chamber except some stairs and the pillar is constructed in miniature. To show the creepy in the scene the opening sequence of the medusa is seen only in the part of shadows, the raising tail on the wall and the head with snakes on her hair writhe, in this part of the sequence the wall and the column are the miniatures set, placed in front of the rear-projected with flaming braziers ( The Stop-Motion Filmography, page 140). Miniature is a representational model which are built, operated and photographed so as to appear to be genuine in character and full-scale of size ( special(prenominal) Effects of Cinematography, page 322). Rear-Projection and Miniatures were the common tool for the visual effects artists in early history. Miniatures presents three -dimensional, lighting can be changed from shot to shot.In long shot Medusa drags herself along with her arms enter into the scene. This is the scene which was composited by rear-projection technique. A rear projector and camera positioned on either side of a of import assembly consisting of a rear process screen and an intermediate pane of glass between it and the camera. Small areas of live-action footage to be projected onto the screen and then skirt with elaborate glass paintings. Background temple is a live action footage w hich was projected on to translucent screen by rare projector and camera is used to shoot on to the translucent screen, in between the camera and the translucent screen Medusa is placed and animated. To interact the character with land they used a brazier on the left of the rear projection.Fig. Dynamation by Ray HarryhausenFig. Rear-Projection TechniqueIn the succeeding(a) two shots, a composite of Medusa into the centre of guard of Perseus by using a phlegm technique. Matte is a technique of combining foreground and back ground interpret elements into one final image by compositing. In those days before computer graphic technology they used glass shots, mirror shots, travelling matt shots, in camera matte shots, optical printing and aerial image printing for matte. In this movie they used travelling matte to compose Medusa onto the Perseus shield. In travelling matte the compositing is done on a optical printer. Both the foreground and background scenes are printed onto a dupl icate negative. While compositing the Medusa onto the shield the background image (Perseus with shield) looks like a still image it is used to avoid more complicate on the scene.Fig. Travelling matteFig. Medusa on the shield of Perseus using matte.Another rear projection used in this movie is when the Medusa looks into the fallen soldier and he turned into stone because of her curse. This is a scene where the background is a live action shoot and the Medusa is composed onto background by using rear-projection. In the foreground the camera zooms in from the medium shot to close up of Medusas face to show her eyes more lighting and the skin with scaly green and her jagged teeth ( The Stop- Motion Filmography, page 140). In this scene her eyes are composed for lighting by using matte.Fig. Medusa with lighting eyes to show her power to turn into stone.In the next shot Medusa passes behind a statue. It shows the depth between the foreground, midground and the background. In the backgroun d is the live shoot and in the midground Medusa passes along on her tail and in the foreground a statue. The statue is actually a miniature and some brazier is used for lighting on a statue. This is a scene heterogeneous of rear projection, miniature and matte techniques.The next scene Perseus is ready to cuts arrive at the Medusas head. In this sequence the foreground Medusa puppet is actually a outlying(prenominal) off and behind live action figures. In this scene they used a camera technique by using dollies to show the foreground puppet is beside the Perseus to create the depth in the scene. This type of technique is called reality sandwich , it fools the eye to think that a foreground puppet is actually far off and behind live action figures ( The Stop-Motion Filmography, page 141). The sequence fallowed by cutting the head of the Medusa. This scene is shot by using wires for the animation of the separated head of Medusa. And one of the Medusas hand scratches with the finge rnails onto the pillars. In this scene the pillar, it is actually a miniature and the scratches are drawn on a cardboard and they animated it after the Medusas hand. After the body fell down the red goo comes out from the neck, actually the goo was shot separately, it is mixed of red-tinted wallpaper paste. They cut a tube that would meet the size of the neck and it is tied with the black velvet and it is poured it down the tube, it looks like oozed out. After that it is matted it into the scene ( An Animate Life, Page 274). The Medusas sequence ends with a final shot with static matte contains Perseus stands and holding the Medusas head on right and to the left the lower body of Medusa lying in a crime syndicate of red ooze ( The Stop-Motion Filmography, page 141).CLASH OF THE TITANS (2010)Warner Bros. Pictures remake original Clash of the Titans. Much as the fondly remembered 1981 feature is a reworking of the myth of Perseus, this 2010 release is manager Louis Leterriers reima gining of the Harryhausen original (3DWorld, page 30). Aaron Sims Company (Production and Character Design Company) designed the variety of creatures based on the Greek mythology characters and the characters appeared in Rays original film. Weve seen so many Greek mythology characters done in films, Aaron Sims. Sims team designed more than 1000 designs by the end of the project time. The team started with pencil designs, Photoshop paintings and 3D models, textured and rendered lot of 3D characters still images. These were given to the visual effects crews and previsualization team to utilize them in the production (Cinefex 2010).Fig Medusa Designs of Aaron Sims company (Character Design Company)Because of the short time of post production and the 900 shots of computer graphics Nick Davis divided work into 3 parts and gave to three main visual effects houses in London. Framestore got the work of Medusa, Hades and Olympus. Framestore carefully distributed the snakes on Medusas head to convince the viewer that her head and neck are capable of bearing thier weight ( 3DWorld, page 30). Based on the designs of Aaron Sims Company visual effects artists made Medusa with a massive snake body on lower part and snakes replaced with hair on the head of the Medusa and her body slithers into a womanly shape. Medusa is a beautiful lady because of the curse by gods she turned into gorgon, so they took some reference photos of Natalia Vodianova to design the face of Medusa. We had to try to make the snake body merge seamlessly into a human body and still feel snake-like, Webber says. The 50-foot snake starts changing into a human body and still hips. You see a slight bulge, a hint of stomach muscle, and the scales smooth out. She has metal armor a kind of metal bra with a snake design.( CGWorld, )In Clash of the Titans(2010) Medusa is completely designed and animated by using Computer Graphics. When compared to original movie Ray Harryhausen used a puppet Medusa and rear proj ection techniques for mixing the live footage and the Medusa character for the entire sequence. To animate snakes on her hair they wrote a plug-in for Maya (Autodesks) to manage the scales. every(prenominal) snake is individually animated by using this plug-in. In the original movie Ray is the only person who animated the snakes individually by hand. Eventhough she doent have any dialouges, she had facial expressions based on the Vodianova, they had full-on facial animation rig to show creepy in the audience.They modelled two models in 3D, both are animatable. integrity with beautiful face and the another with scary snake. They used morph to change from beautiful face to scary snake. When she pertifies people, her head changes from beautiful women to a scary snake (CGWorld, ). In the morphing the model could change, the texture could change, and the skin surface could change. It is not possible to change all at same time. She again changes from scary snake to human, in this scene the animators managed the timing for the morph and for the snakes. Because of the individual behavior of the snakes procedural techniques are not worked and so the animation of snakes ended up a lot with a hand animation.Fig. Medusas head transform from scary snake to beautiful women

Perspective on Race Theme for English B

Perspective on Race radical for English BThe poem Theme for English B is based on an assignment the verbalizer receives from his college English class. He is told to write a page most whatever necks to his mind as long as its true. Hughes, however, portrays the writers plight and uncertainty about what to write and what is necessarily true. Ultimately, the author provides a wide of range of audiences, from the African American youth to college students today, with a glimpse of how he perceives life and his interpretation of the assignment. In the poem, Langston Hughes not sole(prenominal) touches upon the African American struggle for equality more thanover through imagery, style, language, tone and repetition, he also dramatizes the inner thoughts of the colored student. Although he is different physically, he possesses the like human characteristics as his classmates and the teacher.As the poem specifically focuses on the student, the readers expect him to be an intellect ual individual because he is the only black student in his entire class. This reason alone also contributes to the students dilemma about the assignment. He is incertain about the instructors expectations and how he might react to the students response primary(prenominal)ly due to their color differences. The student also possesses a courageous attitude because he is able-bodied to put forward his opinions about racial equality and describes his instructor and himself to be persona of each other. Ultimately, this simple poem carries a stronger message of racialKaur 2 sense and identity. By the end of the poem, the student is able to resolve his dilemma by concluding that change surface though they might not always like it, the instructor and the student are dispel of each other and thats true.In order to fully understand the poem one must understand where the author is approach path from. Langston Hughes, an African American and one of the legion(predicate) writers who rose up during the Harlem Renaissance, wrote this poem to portray ignorance about race. Even though he wrote the poem many long time after the movement in 1951 at the peak of discrimination, it provides accurate accounts of experiences heeded by the black creation at the time. Hughes wrote about Afro-Americas inability to actualise equality in the United Statesnearly a century after PresidentAbraham Lincolns emancipation proclamation (Harlem World). One could sense that the poem could be an autobiography based on Hughes own personal experiences. This is apparent because the author did attend Columbia University but unlike the speaker in the poem he was not born in Winston-Salem. According to Anne St all the sameson, the poem could be a reminiscence of Hughes earlier experiences and this is his way of reanalyzing some of the things he went through at a much younger age.However, even after such invigorating attempts by the author to illuminate on black experiences, his poem was met with mixed reactions. Hughes work was criticized by black critics who protested that his work only focused on the unattractive view of black life. However, Hughes was praised by many critics as well. Hughes refused to differentiate between his personal experience and the common experience ofKaur 3black America (Poets.org from the Academy of American Poets). Thus, some were glad that he sided with the common folks and wrote about his personal experience in such a creative way. Hoyt W. Fuller claims that Hughes chose to identify with plain black people-not because it required less effort and sophistication, but precisely because he saw more truth and profound significance in doing so. This shows Hughes commitment to writing about African American experiences in an accurate way, instead of writing about obscure things like many of the poets did at the time.The primary audience for the poem could be seen as the speakers instructor and classmates, for whom he first wrote the poem. The audien ce could also have been the African American population of Harlem, where Langston Hughes resided for much of his life. However, the secondary audiences (or addressees now) could be seen as the college students either analyzing the poem in their writing class, African American studies class, or those pursuing poetry in general. In any case, this poem could be seen as a historical piece educating future generations about our past.The main focus of the poem is on the structure and the initial assignment that the student must focus on, which not only reveals his dilemma but Hughes uses this to highlight models of race. Unlike the rest of the poem, which appears to be in free rhythm, the operating instructions for the assignment are given in perfect and end rhyme. The instructor said, Go home and write a page tonight. And let that page mystify out of youThen, it will be true (1-3). Even though most of us may find these instructions fairly clear, the writer, seems rather confused and c onflicted about if the assignment is really this simple. He isKaur 4not sure his reality is the same as his fellow classmates due to his race. He endures an identity crisis and continuously tries to urge himself he is not any different from his professor and classmates because of his skin color.In the poem, the speaker reveals himself as a twenty-two-years-old colored student, and tries to answer the assignment by large-hearted to the audience. He lists things like I like to eat, sleep, drink and be in love. I like to work, read, learn, and understand life (21-22). In doing so the student tries to express to the audience as well as his instructor that being African American doesnt stop him from liking the same things as other races. However, this expires to his next dilemma because now the student begins to wonder so will my page be colored that I write? (26). The student wonders if his race might have an run on his writing and whether his instructor will be able to understand h im because he is clear. The audiences can relate to the speaker, not only due to his young age, but also because he feels like an outsider, which many of us encounter time to time.Hughes uses imagery to portray a typical day in the students life as he tries to start sense of his assignment. The steps from the hill lead down into Harlem through a park, then I cross St. Nicholas, Eighth Avenue, Seventh, and I come to the Y, the Harlem Branch Y, where I take the elevator up to my room, sit down, and write this page (11-15). Through these lines the author creates a visual of where the student lives, his normal minute of getting home from school, and the normalcy of his experience that makes him a typical person. However, his school seems to be above Harlem, perhaps outside theKaur 5city and this may lead to his feelings of being out of place. Also this long route that the student must take back and forth suggests that he may be poor, yet, based on his intellect he can go to a univers ity that most of his neighborhood will never get to experience. This pertains to Hughess overall message that this student is just some other resident of mainly African American community in Harlem and his skin color does not differentiate him from society.The poem consists of informal language written in jazz-poetry style, which demonstrates jazz-like rhythm or feel of improvisation (PittsburgStateUniversity). The poem consists of breaks in the middle of the lines and flows in a rhythmic pattern. Its not easy to know what is true for you or me at twenty-two, my age. But I guess Im what I feel and see and hear, Harlem, I hear you hear you, hear mewe twoyou, me, talk on this page (16-19). The speaker tries to establish a connection between him and his surroundings. He constantly refers to Harlem and how he can see and hear it. This develops into a small back and forth dialogue. These lines make it obvious that the speaker has a deep connection with his community and he feels underst ood and comforted by it. This leads him to conclude that his paper will not be white (28). The writer is able to understand his roots and (at this leave-taking) is coming to terms with what he will write for the assignment.Hughes uses repetition to establish a stronger emphasis on the signalise he is trying to make. In the next few lines, the student decides that whatever he writes will not be white. This is the crucial part of the essay because even though the student addresses theKaur 6instructor and realizes the differences between the two, he still believes they are part of each other. But it will be a part of you, instructor. You are white yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. Thats American. Sometimes perhaps you dont want to be a part of me. Nor do I often want to be a part of you (29-35). By repeating words like part of, you, and me the author highlights his main message we are all part of each other. The writer realizes even though he is an individual, he is still a hu man being and part of the same society as his instructor. This simple, yet, powerful message makes the reader realize that we are more alike than one might think.The tone the author takes in the poem could be described as a bit ironic, and regretful. In the beginning, the speaker wonders if the assignment is really as simple as it seems but he ends the poem by simply stating that This is my page for English B (41). The speaker also is split between two aspects of his life. First of all, he is different than others in his class because he is black but he is also an American, which makes him the same as everyone else. You are whiteyet a part of me, as I am part of you. Thats AmericanThats true (31-33). Nevertheless, the poem ends with a sense of regret. Even though the student and the instructor are the same because they are both Americans, the instructor is still more free than him.One of the important components of the poem is its style, and language. Even though the poem starts out with the end rhymes and perfect rhymes, it is mostly written in free verse with Jazz like rhythm. The language of the poem is simple and straightforward as well, which makes it easier to understand and relate to. Also one can learn a split fromKaur 7the diction of the poem. The simplicity of the words prevents many different interpretations of the poem. Thus, different readers can agree on the themes of the poem and pretty much come to the same conclusion regarding its message. Walter Rhett writes, Langston approached issues and problems, differences and deficiencies with the joy of common sense. His work never yelled or sliced the truth into half measures, but it was never bombastic, in-your-face prevaricating, and no issue how dark the situation, always had an embedded sense of humor. In fact, this is exactly how most of the students and bloggers feel about Hughess poetry. Some (like Rhett) go as far as to say, although Hughes wrote about complex issues, he was always honest and rich in his writing.In the poem Theme for English B, Langston Hughes uses style, repetition, tone, language and imagery to effectively demonstrate African American struggle for equality. Hughes describes his personal account with race through the eyes of the colored student, who struggles to accomplish his assignment because he questions the similarities and dissimilarities between himself and his instructor. Hughes specifically targets African American audiences who can relate to the speaker of the poem and sympathize with him. Although students now days can understand the speakers dilemma, its looked at as a historical piece. Hughes is praised for his accurate limning of black life and use of particular diction and syntax to appeal to the audiences.Kaur 8Work CitedEspey, Debbie. Examining Theme for English B by Langston Hughes.Associated Content. Associated Content, Inc., 13 borderland 2010. Web. 6 Nov 2010.Harlem, By Langston Hughes, 1951.Harlem World. WordPress, 8 July 2008. Web. 16 Nov 2010.Jazz Poetry 1920s-30s.PittsburgStateUniversity. Pittsburg State University, 29 January 2007 . Web. 14 Nov 2010.Langston Hughes (1902 1967).Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation , 2010. Web. 6 Nov 2010.Langston Hughes Group.enotes. Salon Media Group, INC, 5. family 2008. Web. 6 Nov 2010.Langston Hughes. Poets.org From the Academy of American Poets. Academy of American Poets, 1997-2010. Web. 13 October 2010.Langston, Hughes. The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. New York Vintage, 1994. PrintRhett, Walters. Theme for English B Remembering Langston Hughes.Southern Perlo Stories/Insights/ assailable Views. Salon Media Group, INC, 25 August 2010. Web. 6 Nov 2010.Kaur 9Stevenson, Anne . 60 Theme for English B (Langston Hughes).Poetry Countdown. WordPress, 3 September2009. Web. 17 Nov 2010.Writers MemoThe greatest specialty in my essay would be the fact that it addresses many rhetorical devices and it focuses on the rhetorical analysis, instead of just summarizing the pl ot. My weaknesses mainly rely in the structure of the paragraphs. I had to struggle a lot with making effective transition from paragraph to paragraph.I would like to think I worked thoroughly and equally hard on all aspects of my essay. However, like I mentioned above, organizing my paragraph was really time consuming and frustrating.If I had extra time to fix my essay, I would probably try to shake up my paragraphs and look for spelling/grammar errors. I would also try to check for plagiarism because I used many outside sources in my essay and sometimes I get carried away and either forget to cite or accidentally take others ideas as my own.Actually I wasnt sure if I had grasped the whole concept of analyzing works rhetorically before working on this essay. I learned a lot about rhetorical devices that make certain texts effective or ineffective. Overall, I think I finally understand the concept of rhetoric.Just like everyone else, I would like to receive an A on this assignment, even though that may not be the case. I like to think I worked on this essay best to my ability and tried to incorporate the necessary expatiate into it. However, I do realize that my essay does have some weak points and Id like to at least receive a B.

Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Bleach

Cost Effectiveness Analysis of BleachHousehold discolourise is a common commodity use by all income groups of India. This is mainly because of hot and humid climatic condition which left us with no some other choice than white or light rubric daily wear clothes. To maintain personal hygiene and attractive look within the available budget it is obligatory to use bleaches. One question which bothered me quite an often was, when so many bleach betrays argon accessible, which one is the best to buy and this gave me the idea to frame my research question Investigating the cost-effectiveness of several(a) brands of centiliter-based bleaches consisting sodium hypochlorite accessible in Indian MarketThus to determine the usefulness and effectiveness of the bleaches, it was worth astute the parsimony of allow centiliter per rupee (Indian currency) exhausted.The dissimilar bleaches were selected and the concentration of the free chlorine was calculated using iodometric titrati on. The cost per rupee was calculated and comparison was done using statistical tools.After necessary calculations and comparison, it was concluded that the most cost-effective bleach is topical anesthetic bleach. Local bleach has maximum concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent. Although the groynees of free chlorine in local bleach is just 0.276 seawall/dm3 charm in that of rin and robin argon 0.68mol/dm3 and 0.588mol/dm3 respectively. But the local bleach is quite cheaper to other bleaches. It costs 30 rupees/dm3 while redbreast costs 66 rupees/dm3 and Rin costs 80 rupees/dm3. The concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent on bleach is 0.0092mol/dm3 while that of Rin bleach and Robin bleach is 0.0085mol/dm3 and 0.0089mol/dm3. Thus, I conclude that Local Bleach brand is the most cost-effective brand among the three available in India.INTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundAs climate of India is hot and humid, people prefer to dress in light or white colour cloth. To keep them cle an is a necessity for hygiene. because it requires daily washing and using bleach as the light colour fabric expose the stains more considerably. When used in approved quantity and salutary way, bleach removes the nasty stains from white color fabric and brings back the brightness. Looking into Indian economy, it is not possible to buy dresses in large number by masses . Thus easy way out is the use of bleaches.So when I started looking at for a topic for my ext subverted essay, my intensions were very clear. I was looking for an area for investigation which will help me to fulfill my requirement to do an essay for my diploma and give me the dual benefit to help my countrymen to choose a pause and cost effective bleach which is affordable by them. I have collected the three bleaches which were having the maximum sale in the market , both were branded viz., Rin and Robin and one was a local brand usually purchased by lower income group people.Bleach is a chemic that removes colors or whitens, often via oxidation. Common chemical bleaches include household chlorine bleach, a ascendant of approximately 3-6% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and group O bleach, which contains atomic number 1 peroxide or a peroxide-releasing compound such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, or urea peroxide together with catalysts and activators, e.g., tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate.1There are other types of bleaches as well for example bleaches which hare used for the bleaching of wood pulp, fats and oils, cellulose, flour, textiles, bee wax, skin etc. the commonly used bleach for this purpose is chlorine dioxide and in a number of other industries. In the food industry, some organic peroxides(benzoyl peroxide,etc.) and other agents (e.g., bromates) are used as flour bleaching and maturing agents. Peracetic acid and ozone are used in the manufacture of paper products, especially newspr int and white Kraft paper.2But my investigation is related to household bleach used for removal of stains , which usually contain chlorine, though it often masquerades behind aliases such as sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorite.3 Household bleach, used to whiten fabrics or remove mold from surfaces, is a 5% etymon of a stabilized form of chlorine.4It is particularly effective on cotton fiber, which stains easily but bleaches well. Usually 50 to 250 ml of bleach per bear down is recommended for a trite-size washer. The properties of household bleach that make it effective for removing stains also prove in cumulative damage to organic fibers such as cotton, and the useful living of these materials will be shortened with regular bleaching. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) that is also found in household bleach (as noted later) causes fiber degradation as well. It is not volatile, and residual amounts of NaOH not rinsed out will continue slowly degrading organic fibers in the presence of humidity. For these reasons, if stains are localized, spot treatments should be considered whenever possible. With arctic precautions, post-treatment with weak organic acids such as acetic acid (vinegar) will neutralize the NaOH, and volatilize the chlorine from residual hypochlorite. Old t-shirts and cotton sheets that rip easily demonstrate the costs of laundering with household bleach. Hot pissing increases the activity of the bleach, owing to the thermal decomposition of hypochlorite which ultimately generates environmentally-undesirable chlorate.5Color in most dyes and pigments are produced by molecules, such as beta carotene, which contain chromophores. Chemical bleaches work in one of two waysAn oxidizing bleach works by recess the chemical bonds that make up the chromophore. This changes the molecule into a different substance that either does not contain a chromophore, or contains a chromophore that does not imbibe visible light.Reducing bleach works by converting doubl e bonds in the chromophore into single bonds. This eliminates the ability of the chromophore to absorb visible light.6The chlorine based bleaches are change bleach. These bleaches have an edge over reducing bleaches because they act as disinfectant as well.The process of bleaching can be summarized in the following set of chemical replysCl2(aq) + H2O(l) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + HClO(aq)The H+ ion of the hypochlorous acid then dissolves into tooth root, and so the lowest result is effectivelyCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) 2H+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) + ClO-(aq)Hypochlorite tends to decompose into chloride and a richlyly reactive form of oxygenClO- Cl- +1/2 O2This oxygen then reacts with organic substances to produce bleaching or antiseptic effects.7To begin my investigation I gathered information about brands of chlorine based bleach, its uses and its contents. From the information collected I found out that sodium hypochlorite is an active ingredient in bleaches. atomic number 11 hypochlorite is the magi cal ingredient which removes stains from the clothes. So if I view out which bleach has the more concentration of sodium hypochlorite and is cheaper than other bleaches will be considered as the best bleach for Indian people. This observation conduct to my precise topic selection that is Investigating the cost-effectiveness of various brands of chlorine-based bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite accessible in Indian MarketAfter selection of topic next obvious step was to find various methods available in literature and select for an appropriate method for the affection of the sodium hypochlorite in the bleaches. Various methods available are discussed in the methodology section of my essay. The one I have selected is based on the fact that it is easy to do and also gives a fair estimation of the concentration of hypochlorite in the available laboratory conditions.1.2 modes to judge the cost effectiveness of BleachSome of the methods available in literature for the estimation of concentration of sodium hypochlorite are discussed belowMethod 1One of the common methods is to channel supernumerary hydrogen peroxide to a measured amount of bleach. This will result in the formation of oxygen gas. The volume of the gas is collected over water and measured. This is then used to calculate the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in a house hold bleach sample.A few commercial bleaches in their containers, with prices, can be placed on a suitable tray, each with a 10 cm3 syringe and 250 cm3 beaker, both labeled, into which small samples of the bleach can be placed. Measure 5 cm3 of each bleach into their side-arm flaskful for each experiment. Small samples of the hydrogen peroxide solution could be collected in a 100 cm3 beaker. Bleaches liberate toxic chlorine gas on contact with acids.The chemical reaction involved isH2O2(aq) + NaOCl(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) + O2(g)Direct comparison of volume of oxygen collected in the measuring stick cylinder can be used to c ompare the effectiveness of the bleach.8Method 2Spectophotometric method has also been employed for the quantitative estimation of sodium hypochlorite in commercially available bleach solution. The method is based directly on the absorbance of hypochlorite in alkaline aqueous media. The other method takes advantage of the quantitative reaction of hypochlorite and ammonia in alkaline solution to form chloramine, which has a higher(prenominal) molar absorptivity.9Method 3Another most common laboratory method is IODOMETRIC TITRATION.We can determine the OCl- ion content of a bleaching solution by reacting a known mass or volume of the solution with excess reducing agent, such as iodide ion (I-) in an acidic solution.OCl- (aq, colorless) + 2I-(aq, colorless) + 2H3O+(aq) - I2(aq, brown) + Cl-(aq, colorless) + 3H2O(l)The reaction above proceeds to completion. discernible evidence of reaction is the change in the appearance of the solution from colorless to brown, due to the formation of iodine (I2). In the presence of excess I- ion, the amount of I2 make is a measure of the amount of OCl- ion reacting.Then we determine the amount of I2 formed by titrating the I2 with a standard sodium thiosulfate solution (Na2S2O3). The titration reaction for this experiment is shown in the equation below.I2 (aq, brown) + 2 S2O3-2(aq, colorless) 2I- + 2S4O3-2(aq, colorless)Thiosulfate ion is a reducing agent that reacts quantitatively with I2. The titration reaction is complete when the I2 formed from the reaction of OCl- ion with I- ion is reconverted to I- ion by S2O3-2 ion.As the titration proceeds, the I2 concentration in the solution decreases. This causes the solution color to change from brown to pale yellow-bellied near the end of titration. The end point occurs when all the I2 has reacted and the solution is colorless. Because the change from yellow to colorless is not very distinct, establishing the end point of this utmost color change is difficult. We can make the e nd point more distinct by adding a small amount of amylum solution to the titration mixture when the solution turns pale yellow. The unreacted I2 combines with the starch, forming a deep blue complex. The starch molecules tend to curl up into spirals and the hole formed is just the right size for the iodine molecules to fit in. Additional S2O3-2 ion reacts with the complex I2, causing a breakdown of the complex. Disappearance of the blue color signals the end point.10We can determine the concentration of OCl- ion in the solution. The moles of iodine in the solution are equal to moles of sodium hypochlorite. So then we can find out the concentration of OCl-.I have used the iodometric titration for my investigation becauseIt is easy to carry it out in school laboratory conditions.Gas volume measuring rod often leads to more random errors in the measurements which ultimately affect the concentration calculations.Spectrophotometric methods are most reliable method but due to non avail ability of the instrument, I took the decision to stick to iodometric titration.2. METHODOLOGY2.1 HypothesisMore the sodium thiosulfate used to titrate the solution more effective is the bleach at removing the stains.The bleach which has high concentration of sodium hypochlorite is break down at removing stains then the bleach with less concentration of sodium hypochlorite.Based on Indian mentality, the expensive the bleach the better is it at removing the stains.The expensive brand should be more cost effective.2.2 Selection of bleaches3 different chlorine-based bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite which are easily available in Indian market. The first one is rin bleach which is thought to be the best bleach because it is expensive of all bleaches available in the market. It costs 40 Rs for 500 ml. The chip bleach which I have interpreted is robin which costs 33 Rs for 500ml, a great competitor to RIN. And the third bleach which I have taken is bleach from a local brand which costs only 15Rs for 500ml.2.3 Experiment 1Make a soya bean solution using 17 grams of soyabean and dissolved up to 100 cm3 mark. Put three drops of the solution on a piece of cloth and using a syringe the amount of bleach required to remove the stain should be noted down.2.4 Experiment 2As told earlier I will be using titration with sodium thiosulfate for calculating the concentration of sodium thiosulfate in the bleaches. The method involves two main steps.Step 1 Standardizing the solution of sodium thiosulfate solutionAs sodium thiosulfate is not a primary standard, so it was standardized using a known concentration of potassium iodate KIO3 and the exact concentration of sodium thiosulfate was calculated.Approximately 8.000.01 grams of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3 5H2O) was taken a 100 cm3 beaker and dissolved by adding small amount of double distilled water. It was stirred using a glass rod till it was completely dissolved.Solution was transferred to 250 cm3 of standard flask car efully using a funnel.Solution was made up to the mark and mixed well by tilting the flask three times.A solution of potassium iodate, KIO3 (0.2 Mole/dm3) was prepared by dissolving 10.70.01 grams of KIO3 in 100 cm3 beaker and dissolving it in minimum amount of water and making the solution in 250 cm3 standard flask.Further 25.00.06 cm3 of KIO3 solution is pipette out using a 25.00.06 cm3 pipette and a pipette filler and poured in standard measuring flask and solution was made 250 cm3 using distilled water.Preparation of 1 mol/dm3 of sulfuric acid concentrate 55cm3 of 98% pure sulphuric acid in 100cm3 measuring flask.Now slowly pour this acid into 500cm3 of constantly stirred water in a beakerNow transfer this solution into 1dm3 conical flask and add water till the 1dm3 mark.Preparation of 10% potassium iodideTake 10grams of potassium iodideDissolve it in 100cm3 solutionPreparation of 2%starch indicatorTake 2grams of starchAdd little bit of cold water until a smooth paste is obtaine dAdd 100cm3 of boiling water and stirHeat the solution until the solution is clear25.00.06 cm3 of KIO3 solution is pipette out using a 25.00.06 cm3 pipette and a pipette filler and poured in conical flask.10.000.05 cm3 of potassium iodide (10% w/v) is added to the flask using a measuring cylinder.To this solution 10 .000.05 cm3 of sulfuric acid (1 mol/dm3) is added to the flask using another measuring cylinder.Sodium thiosulfate is fill in 50.000.05 cm3 burette and added to the conical flask containing KIO3, KI and H2SO4solution till the solution in the conical flask turned pale yellow.2 to 3 drops of starch solution (1% w/v) was added to the conical flask.The solution turned blue black.More sodium thiosulfate was added to the conical flask with constant swirling till the solution turned colorless.The final volume of thiosulfate solution added is recordedThree concordant readings are taken to have consistency in the recorded dataStep 2 Titration of the different brands of bleaches u sing standardized solution of sodium thiosulfate. Thus calculating the concentration of sodium hypochlorite present in different brands of bleaches.ProcedureI have taken 25.00.06cm3 of Rin bleach using a pipette and pipette filler into 250cm3 graduated flask.To this water was added to make the solution up to 250cm3 mark.25.00.06cm3 of the solution poured with the help of pipette into a conical flask and the same procedure as given above was repeated with RIN bleach followed by the other two bleaches, Robin and local brand.3. data collection and processing3.1 Finding out the concentration of Sodium ThiosulfateStandardization of sodium thiosulfateVolume of potassium iodate taken in conical flask = 25.00.06 cm3final burette reading / cm30.05cm320.1019.9020.00initial burette reading / cm30.05cm30.000.000.00volume of sodium thiosulfate used / cm30.1cm320.1019.9020.00Average volume of sodium thiosulfate used = 20.00 cm3Calculations25.0 cm3 of KIO3 solution required 20.00 cm3 of Sodium th iosulfate.The ionic equation related to the titration isIO3-1 + 5I-1 + 6H+ 3I2 + 3H2OThe I2 produced by the reaction between iodate ion and iodide ion is related stoichiometrically to thiosulfate ion as followsI2 + 2S2O32- S4O62- + 2I-1Moles of KIO3 (0.1 Mol/dm3) in diluted solution = 0.01 mol/dm3Moles of 0.01 mol/dm3 KIO3 in 25 cm3 of solution = 0.01 x 25 x 10-3= 0.25 x10-3Ratio of moles of KIO3 I21 5So moles of I2 in solution = 5 x 1 x 0.25 x10-3= 1.25 x10-3Ratio of moles of I2 S2O32-1 2 indeed moles of thiosulfate = 2 x 1 x 1.25 x10-3= 2.50 x 10-320.00 cm3 of thiosulfate solution has 2.50 x 10-3 moles so the concentration of thiosulfate solution = 2.50 x 10-3 x 103/20.00= 0.125 mol/dm33.2 collectionT pass judgment for the t- test between RIN and ROBIN is 36.83644This value is a lot higher than the cut off value (2.31. using degrees of freedom= n1-1 + n2-1 = 8) at a 5% significance level. This implies that there is lot lesser than .1% chance that the 2sets of readings belong to one population or the passing is just difference is insignificant.3.3 Calculation25.0 cm3 of diluted Rin brand bleach solution required 27.8 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate.Moles of sodium thiosulphate=Moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask afterwards the bleach reacted with an excess of iodide ions2S2O32-(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62-(aq) + 2I-(aq)Moles of I2 = moles of sodium thiosulphate 2Moles of I2 = 0.00348 2Moles of I2 = 0.0017 moles1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of free chlorine.Cl 2(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2 (aq)The free chlorine concentration, in mol dm-3, of the bleach RIN1 mole iodine = 1 mole of free chlorine25cm3 of diluted bleach solution contains 0.0017 moles of chlorineTherefore the undiluted bleach solution of 25 cm3 would contain .017 molesConcentration of iodine in 500 cm3 of RIN bleach solution isTherefore the concentration is 0.34mol/500cm3 of RIN bleach.Therefore the concentration is 0.68mol/dm3.25.0 cm3 of diluted Robin brand bleach solution required 23.53 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate.Moles of sodium thiosulphate=Moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask after the bleach reacted with an excess of iodide ions2S2O32-(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62-(aq) + 2I-(aq)Moles of I2 = moles of sodium thiosulphate 2Moles of I2 = 0.00294 2Moles of I2 = 0.00147 moles1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of free chlorine.Cl 2(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2 (aq)The free chlorine concentration, in mol dm-3, of the bleach RIN1 mole iodine = 1 mole of free chlorine25cm3 of dilute bleach solution contains 0.00147 moles of chlorineConcentration of iodine in 500 cm3 of Robin bleach solution isTherefore the concentration is 0.294 mol/500cm3 of Robin bleach.Therefore the concentration is 0.588mol/dm3.25.0 cm3 of diluted LOCAL brand bleach solution required 11.07 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate.Moles of sodium thiosulphate=Moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask after the bleach reacted with an excess of iodide ions2S2O32-(aq) + I2(aq) S4O 62-(aq) + 2I-(aq)Moles of I2 = moles of sodium thiosulphate 2Moles of I2 = 2Moles of I2 = 0.00069 moles1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of free chlorine.Cl 2(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2 (aq)The free chlorine concentration, in mol dm-3, of the bleach RIN1 mole iodine = 1 mole of free chlorine25cm3 of diluted bleach solution contains 0.00069 moles of chlorineConcentration of iodine in 500 cm3 of Local bleach solution isTherefore the concentration is 0.138mol/500cm3 of RIN bleach.Therefore the concentration is 0.276mol/dm3.3.4 analysis and interpretationCalculating the cost-effectivenessBRANDRINROBINLOCALConcentration of free chlorine (mol/dm3)0.680.5880.276Price of 500cm3 bleach in rupees403315Price of 1dm3 bleach (=price of 500cm3-2) in rupees806630Concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent on bleach (=concentration of free chlorine in 1dm3 bleach/price of 1 dm3 bleach)0.00850.00890.0092Matrix 1It can be seen from the experiment 1 higher amounts of bleach is used to remove the stain as we move from RIN to ROBIN to the local brand. And as it can also be seen from the histogram above ( chart 1) that the free chlorine concentration decreases as we move from RIN to ROBIN to the local brand it can be inferred that higher the concentration lesser is the amount of bleach required. How so ever the amount of free chlorine required is nearly the same4. Conclusion4.1 ResultsThe free chlorine concentration per rupee spent is maximum of local brand bleach. Therefore the local bleach is most cost-effective bleach. The local brand bleach over takes other branded bleaches alike RIN and Robin which are very famous in Indian market. There is a very small difference between each of them when we calculate the concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent. But when we see the concentration of free chlorine in rin and robin they are quite higher then local brand. Local brand has very less moles of sodium hypochlorite per dm3 of the bleach. So the volume required to remo ve a stain by local brand bleach would be quite large then the volume required of rin or robin brand bleach. This can give a wrong impression that the other brands are better or more efficient at removing stain. But we know that it isnt so. Only if higher amounts of the local brands were used the same stain would take lesser bills to be removed. This proves the Indian mentality.Resolved questionsIs the amount of sodium thiosulfate used proportional to the amount of free chlorine atoms-Yes very much. It can be inferred by comparison graph 1 (or matrix 1) and graph 2Does the concentration of sodium hypochlorite affect the effectiveness of the bleach-Higher the concentration of sodium hypochlorite more is the effectiveness of the bleach. Inferred from graph 1 (or matrix 1) and table 1Checking the Indian mentality-It depends on the amount of bleach used. But it can easily be inferred that the local brand is a lot more cost efficientDeriving the cost effectiveness of different brands o f bleachHypothesis 1 and 2 were confirmed to be on-key via experimentation while the other two hypotheses (namely 3 and 4) are proved to be wrong.EvaluationWeaknessesIt isnt very easy to note down the point of the end of the titration.Accuracy can tend to pose a problemThe distil water can have other salts presentImprovementsColorimetry should be used for knowing the end pointMore accurate burettes can be usedUltra pure water should be used rather than distilled water4.2 ExtensionThe other method should be used.A more number of brands should be used.Other active ingredients should be tested for. Biologically active organisms like bacterias should also be considered.The activity of the other active substances should be tested.5. BIBLOGRAPHYhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleachhttp//www.ozonesolutions.com/Ozone_Color_Removal.htmlhttp//www.care2.com/grrenliving/chlorine-in-household-cleaners.htmlhttp//dhs.wi.gov/eh/ChemFS/fs/chlorine.htmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochloriteField , Simon Q (2006). Ingredients Bleach. Science Toys. http//sci-toys.com/ingredients/bleach.html. Retrieved 2006-03-02.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleachhttp//www.practicalchemistry.org/experiments/estimation-of-the-concentration-of-household-bleach,253,EX.htmlJournal of pharmaceutical sciences, volume 59, issue 8, pages 1168, 1170www.cerlabs.com/experiments/10875404162.pdfOther Sources Referred ripe(p) Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level May/June 2006 paperhttp//science.jrank.org/pages/6243/Sodium-Hypochlorite.htmlhttp//www.howstuffworks.com/question189.htmhttp//www.factsaboutbleach.com/Handbook of detergents, Volume 5 By Uri Tsoler, Guy Broze. Pages 621-627

Clash of identity :: essays research papers

Clash of IdentityThe difference between Rodriguezs struggle between personal identity and Angelous struggle is that, Angelous identitys center of focus is her name, while Rodriguezs identity seems to revolve around his complexion. Although they both wrote almost the struggle with their own identity, the views and attitude of the two authors differ. In Richard Rodriguezs essay Complexion and Maya Angelous essay Mary both authors illustrate some hardships they confront during their life, such as their experience with racism and prejudice. In spite of the fact that they are both faced with similar situations, the actuality that sets apart their characters is how they dealt with each of their situations. Rodriguez attitude around himself during his childhood was largely influenced by his family, especially his mother, Dark spit out was for my mother the most important symbol of a life of oppressive labor and poverty.(Rodriguez. 451), commonwealth who worked in fields and constructi on sites spent most of their sequence under the sun, causing their complexion to darken, so it was assumed that a person with dark skin was a menial laborer. Rodriguezs mother would commonly point out his dark complexion by comparison with the poor and the black, at one time she told Rodriguez, You look like a negrito you wont be satisfied till you end up looking like los pobres(Rodriguez 447). His mothers friends would besides often talk of what a burden or a curse it was, to have dark skin, it was a womans spoken concern the business organization of having a dark- scramble son or daughter.(Rodriguez 449), Rodriguez is illustrating that in his culture, people preferred light skin children over dark skin, knowing that a light skinned child would not face as much prejudice a dark skinned child would growing up. In contrast, Margaret wasnt ashamed of her skin, or being of different color, she was proud of her race and ethnicity, at the beginning she expresses her pride through her relatives accomplishment, my grandmother had owned the only Negro general merchandise transshipment center since the turn of the century.(Maya 3), this she said to a Texas women, when asked about her hometown. Rodriguez and Angelou both expressed their struggled in search for their own identity in their essay. Margarets identity was compromised when Margaret was called out of her victor name. Margarets name was casually changed by Mrs. Cullinan, Thats too long shes Mary from now on(Maya 6).

The Power of Solar Energy Essay -- Natural Resources Economics Essays

The Power of Solar Energy In todays world, the growth of push demands is exploding. Many of the energy antecedents that supply association with power electric currently run on non-renewable resources such as oil and coal. These resources also pollute our environment. Other resources such as hydro and wind power be not as reliable as they fluctuate in availability due to environmental conditions. It is important to investigate alternative resources of energy as the current forms and output will not sustain the world at the current increase in societal demands. One viable and almost unlimited source of energy is the sun. Solar panels make use of the suns light hitting earth everyday and convert it to a usable form of energy and have the authorisation to fulfill the worlds energy needs.So, what is Solar Energy and where can one find it?Energy from the sun has great potential for future use as earths primary source for power. Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion. It is transmitted to the earth in portions of energy called photons, which interact with the earths atmosphere and surface. The attractions of solar energy are many. In a monetary sense, solar energy costs nothing it is free for the taking and will not run out for billions of years. It doesnt pollute or oppositewise damage the environment. It creates no dangerous waste products such as plutonium. The extremely positive side of solar energy makes it evident that it is a very good candidate to be earths future energy source. There are several ways in which solar energy can be converted to other forms of energy. Photosynthesis and Biomass play a large role in converting solar energy into other forms of energy. Solar ener... ... York Harper and Row Publishers, 1977.Howstuffworks <http//science.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell1.htmKnight, David C. Harnessing the Sun The Story of Solar Energy. innovative York William Morrow and Company, 1976.McKinn ey, Michael and Schoch, Robert. Environmental Science Systems and Solutions. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA 2003.Microsoft Bookshelf 98. CD-ROM. Redmond Wa Microsoft, 1998.2 Microsofts Encarta 98. CD- ROM. Redmond Wa Microsoft, 1998.1 Quinn, Neil. Photograph credit.Scientific America. Energy for Planet Earth. New York W.H. Freeman and Company, 1990.Solar Energy. Grolier multimedia Encyclopedia, Third Ed. 1999.What are solar panels < http//www.qrg.nwu.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/Interesting LinksCool Solar Energy Facts <http//www.solarbuzz.com/Consumer/FastFacts.htm